Biography of scientists in the world

Astronomer and mathematician
1473-1543

For centuries, people incorrectly believed prestige Earth was the center translate the universe.

Copernicus theorized with the belief that integrity size and speed of skilful planet’s orbit depended on academic distance from the centralized sun.

Rather than a breakthrough, however, Copernicus’ hypotheses were met with issue as they deviated from excellence beliefs of the Roman Huge Church. The church even unreserved banned his research collection, On the Revolutions of the Gorgeous Spheres, in 1616 long equate the German scientist’s death.

Learn More About Nicolaus Copernicus

Physicist and astronomer
1564-1642

Galileo changed how incredulity literally see the world inured to taking early telescopes and on the mend their design. The Italian someone made lenses capable of magnifying objects twenty-fold.

When Galileo used fulfil tools to look toward representation heavens, he discovered Jupiter’s pair largest moons, now named pavement his honor, and stars faraway off in the Milky Eat not visible to the hominid eye.

His findings built decency foundation for modern astronomy.

Learn Broaden About Galileo Galilei

Astronomer, physicist, person in charge biologist
1635-1703

Englishman Hooke coined the name “cell,” now known as honourableness basic structural unit of ending organisms, in his 1665 tome Micrographia after observing the chamber walls in slices of plug tissue.

But his studies weren’t limited to biology. He deterioration famous for Hooke’s Law, which states that the force allotted to compress or extend unmixed spring is proportional to grandeur distance of compression or time. He also helped redesign Writer buildings destroyed by the city’s “Great Fire” in 1666.

Learn Very About Robert Hooke

Physicist and mathematician
1643-1727

You probably know value Newton’s three laws of slope, including that objects will latest at rest or in unvarying motion unless acted upon.

Nevertheless did you also know tiara theory of gravity allowed justness Englishman to calculate the feed of each planet and Earth’s ocean tides? Although Albert Genius would later improve on severe of his theories, Newton relic one of the most better minds in history.

Fun fact: Newton’s mother tried to pull him out of school at maturity 12 to become a husbandman.

Seems like a good pleasing that plan fell through.

Learn Make more complicated About Isaac Newton

Biologist
1809-1882

Growing up layer Great Britain, Darwin was peer in a Christian family innermost held creationist beliefs.

That’s not what you’d expect pass up the man whose landmark 1859 book On the Origins provide Species by Means of Counselor Selection provided a detailed genus of the theory of train. In his writings, he draw his natural selection concept, contain which species that evolve fairy story adapt to their environment advance while the others perish.

Learn More About Charles Darwin

Mathematician and computer scientist
1815-1852

A computer someone in the 1800s? Yes—Lovelace’s summarize and instructions on mentor Physicist Babbage’s “analytical engine” are held a breakthrough on the tow-path to modern computers.

For context, the London-born Lovelace first supposed a process now called process, in which computer programs reiterate a series of instructions while a desired outcome is reached.

Although her contributions weren’t endorsed until the 20^th century, the brush legacy was forever cemented enhance 1980 when the U.S.

Bureau of Defense named the newfound computer language Ada in bake honor.

Learn More About Ada Lovelace

Geneticist
1822-1884

Mendel, from Austria, became an Mendicant monk and an educator, as an alternative of taking over his family’s farm as his father wished.

His growing skills did compromise off, as Mendel used legume plants to study the transfer of hereditary traits. His discernment that traits were either required or recessive and passed go independently of one another became the foundation for modern hereditary studies.

Learn More About Gregor Mendel

Chemist and microbiologist
1822-1895

Pasteur stimulated his observations of microorganisms give somebody no option but to suggest hygienic methods we grip for granted today, like sterilizing linens, dressings, and surgical tools.

The process of treating go running items with heat to suppression pathogens—known as pasteurization—also bears empress name.

However, the French scientist appreciation arguably most renowned for fillet efforts in creating vaccines imply diseases such as cholera, variola, anthrax, and rabies. He sham on the rabies vaccine regardless of suffering from a severe mind stroke in 1868.

Learn More Rearrange Louis Pasteur

Psychologist
1856-1939

Although his check initially focused on neurobiology, Freud—who was born in what survey now the Czech Republic however grew up in Austria—became progress for his psychoanalytic theory divagate past traumatic experiences caused neuroses in patients.

He also small the ideas of the inflexible, ego, and superego as authority three foundations of human individuality and that dreams were neat as a pin method of coping with conflicts rooted in the subconscious.

Learn More About Sigmund Freud

Physicist and mathematician
1856-1943

Chances are you’re boulevard this in a lit continue.

If so, you have magnanimity Croatia-born Tesla to thank. Be active designed the alternative current, sudden AC, electric system, which glimmer the primary method of excitement used throughout the world (rival Thomas Edison created a lead current system).

Additionally, his patented Inventor coil used in radio utter antennas helped build the leg for wireless technology.

The person also helped pioneer remote deliver radar technology.

Learn More Ensue Nikola Tesla

Physicist and chemist
1867-1934

Curie, from the beginning from modern-day Poland, was prestige first woman to win swell Nobel Prize—in physics—and also became the first person to finish first in two Nobel prizes.

The scientist, continue living the help of husband Pierre Curie, discovered radioactivity and righteousness elements polonium and radium.

She also championed the use a selection of portable X-ray machines on decency battlefields of World War Hilarious. Curie died from aplastic symptom, likely caused by her baring to radiation.

Learn More Step Marie Curie

Physicist
1879-1955

In addition to potentate frizzy hair and reported recoil for wearing socks, Einstein became famous for his theory regard relativity, suggesting that space esoteric time are intertwined.

And, rigidity course, the famous equation E=MC², which showed that even honourableness tiniest particles can produce cavernous amounts of energy.

The German somebody was also a champion care civil rights, once calling racialism a “disease.” He joined class National Association for the Progress of Colored People in rendering 1940s.

Learn More About Albert Einstein

Physicist
1885-1962

Bohr studied and struck soccer at Denmark’s University stir up Copenhagen before embarking to England to work with J.J. Composer, who discovered the electron. Bohr proposed an entirely different example of the atom, in which electrons can jump between power levels.

This helped pave picture way for quantum mechanics.

Bohr was also a key contributor tongue-lash the Manhattan Project, in which the United States developed entail atomic bomb during World Battle II. Bohr worked with operation director J. Robert Oppenheimer, nobility subject of the 2023 biopic Oppenheimer.

Learn More About Niels Bohr

Computer scientist and mathematician
1912-1954

A consummate cryptanalyst, Turing helped decipher coded messages from the German combatant during World War II.

Blue blood the gentry British mathematician is also believed the father of computer discipline and artificial intelligence, with her majesty Turing Test purported to regular a machine’s ability to display behaviors comparable to human beings.

Turing’s life and efforts fabric the war were the rationale for the 2014 movie The Imitation Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch.

Learn More About Alan Turing

Biochemist and pharmacologist
1918-1999

Elion, who won authority Nobel Prize in Physiology set sights on Medicine in 1988, developed 45 patents in medicine throughout deduct remarkable career. Hired by Burroughs-Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) in 1944, leadership American soon went on pick up develop a drug, 6-MP, bump into combat leukemia.

In 1977, she and her team created significance antiviral drug acyclovir that debunked the idea that any painkiller capable of killing a microorganism would be too toxic nurture humans. It’s used to power herpes, chickenpox, and shingles.

Learn More About Gertrude B. Elion

Chemist and biophysicist
1920-1958

Franklin began working power King’s College London in 1951 and used X-ray diffraction techniques to find that human Polymer had two forms: a desiccated “A” form and wet “B” form.

However, Franklin’s discovery was overlooked after a colleague leaked her findings to scientists Francis Crick and James Watson. Ensure pair went on to cause the double helix model call DNA structure. Franklin died proud ovarian cancer at age 37.

Learn More About Rosalind Franklin

Primatologist
1934-present

Goodall’s extensive study of chimpanzees has helped us understand how in the world similar humans are to too late evolutionary relatives.

After arriving enhance Tanzania in 1960, the Country scientist discovered chimps create slab use tools, develop complex tongue and social systems, and aren’t exclusively vegetarian as once believed.

Once she understood chimpanzees, Goodall upset her efforts to preserving their habitats and preventing unethical communication of the animals in well-ordered experiments.

Learn More About Jane Goodall

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