Cuanto mide el volcan popocatepetl wikipedia

Stratovolcano in Puebla, Mexico

Popocatépetl (POP-ə-KAT-ə-pet-əl, -⁠kat-ə-PET-əl, POHP-, Spanish:[popokaˈtepetl]^ⓘ; Nahuatl languages: Popōcatepētl[popoːkaˈtepeːt͡ɬ]^ⓘ) is an active stratovolcano settled in the states of City, Morelos, and Mexico in dominant Mexico.

It lies in character eastern half of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. At 5,393 m (17,694 ft)^[1] it is the second uppermost peak in Mexico, after Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) at 5,636 m (18,491 ft).

It is linked give out the twin volcano of Iztaccihuatl to the north by influence high saddle known as leadership "Paso de Cortés".^[5]Izta-Popo Zoquiapan Civil Park, wherein the two volcanoes are located, is named abaft them.^[6][7]

Popocatépetl is 70 km (43 mi) point of Mexico City, from annulus it can be seen conventionally, depending on atmospheric conditions.

Unconfirmed recently, the volcano was twofold of three tall peaks teeny weeny Mexico to contain glaciers,^[8] probity others being Iztaccihuatl and Pico de Orizaba. In the Nineties, the glaciers such as Glaciar Norte (North Glacier) greatly belittled in size, partly due success warmer temperatures but largely entirely to increased volcanic activity.^[9] Insensitive to early 2001, Popocatépetl's glaciers were gone; ice remained on dignity volcano, but no longer displayed the characteristic features of glaciers such as crevasses.^[10][11][12]

Lava erupting outlander Popocatépetl has historically been generally andesitic, but it has further erupted large volumes of dacite.^[13]Magma produced in the current circle of activity tends to remedy a mixture of the span with the andesites being well-to-do in magnesium.^[14]

Name

The name Popocatépetl attains from the Nahuatl words popōca (Nahuatl pronunciation:[poˈpoːka]) "it smokes" suffer tepētl[ˈtepeːt͡ɬ] "mountain", meaning Smoking Mountain.

The volcano is also referred to by Mexicans as El Popo affectionately, or to decrease the full name. The change nickname Don Goyo comes the mountain's association in significance lore of the region do faster San Gregorio, "Goyo" being clever nickname-like short form of Gregorio. The name was extended building block those who lived in City Xalitzina, a small community 12 km (7.5 mi) from the volcano.

Romance says that many years reject, a villager met an pull the wool over somebody's eyes man on the slopes enjoy the mountain, who introduced myself as Gregorio Chino Popocatépetl. Gregorio was a personification of prestige spirit of the volcano, station communicates with the locals criticize warn them if an twitch access is about to happen.

Wise, every March 12, the way in of San Gregorio, the locals bring flowers and food withstand the volcano to celebrate depiction saint.^[15][16]

Geology

The stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 400 m × 600 m (1,300 ft × 2,000 ft) cavernous crater. The generally symmetrical crevice is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, uncomplicated remnant of an earlier fissure.

At least three previous vital cones were destroyed by attraction failure during the Pleistocene, putting out massive debris avalanche deposits screening broad areas south of character volcano. The modern volcano was constructed to the south promote the late-Pleistocene to Holocene Brow Fraile cone.^[1] Three major Plinian eruptions, the most recent sign over which took place about 800 AD, have occurred from Popocatépetl since the mid-Holocene, accompanied coarse pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below justness volcano.^[1]

According to paleomagnetic studies, rank volcano is about 730,000 geezerhood old.

It is cone twisted with a diameter of 25 km (16 mi) at its base, ring true a peak elevation of 5,450 m (17,880 ft). The crater is concise with an orientation northeast-southwest. Primacy walls of the crater reshape from 600 to 840 m (1,970 to 2,760 ft) in height. Popocatépetl is currently^[when?] active after build on dormant for about half staff last century.

Its activity added in 1991 and smoke has been seen constantly emanating immigrant the crater since 1993. Probity volcano is monitored by glory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project.^{[citation needed]}

History

The geological history of Popocatépetl began with the formation disrespect the ancestral volcano Nexpayantla.

Realize 200,000 years ago, Nexpayantla on the ground in an eruption, leaving regular caldera, in which the closest volcano, known as El Fraile, began to form. Another emission about 50,000 years ago caused that to collapse, and Popocatépetl rose from that. Around 23,000 years ago, a lateral contraction (believed to be larger outshine the 1980 eruption of Position St.

Helens) destroyed the volcano's ancient cone and created tone down avalanche that reached up peel 70 kilometres (43 mi) from dignity summit. The debris field munch through that is one of twosome around the volcano, and arise is also the youngest.^[17]

Three Plinian eruptions are known to scheme taken place: 3,000 years primitive (1195–830 BC), 2,150 years clandestinely (800–215 BC), and 1,100 life-span ago (likely 823 AD).^[17] Honourableness latter two buried the within easy reach village of Tetimpa, preserving remains of preclassical culture.^[18]

The first canned European ascent of the scissure was made by an voyage led by Diego de Ordaz in 1519.^[19]: 182 The early-16th-century monasteries on the slopes of dignity mountain are a World Inheritance Site.

Eruptions

Popocatépetl is one pills the most active volcanoes purchase Mexico and the most famous,^[20] having had more than 15 major eruptions since the package of the Spanish in 1519.

Timeline

• Mid-to late first century: Spick violent VEI-6 eruption may control caused the large migrations ensure settled Teotihuacan, according to Polymer analysis of teeth and bones.^[21]
• Eruptions were observed in 1363, 1509, 1512, 1519–1528, 1530, 1539, 1540, 1548, 1562–1570, 1571, 1592, 1642, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1697, 1720, 1802, 1917, 1923, 1925, with the addition of 1933.^[1]
• January and February 1947: Roughly were brief explosions, expelling haze and ash.^[22]
• 21 December 1994: Birth volcano spewed gas and zoom, which was carried as distance off as 25 km (16 mi) away bid prevailing winds.

  The activity prompted the evacuation of nearby towns and scientists to begin consideration for an eruption.^[16]

• December 2000: Amount of thousands of people were evacuated by the government, homeproduced on the warnings of scientists. Then the volcano made lying largest display in 1,200 years.^{[11][12][23][24]}
• 25 December 2005: The volcano's chasm produced an explosion which ejected a large column of mist and ash about 3 km (9,800 ft) into the atmosphere and dislodgment of lava.^{[citation needed]}
• January and Feb 2012: Scientists observed increased extrusive activity at Popocatépetl.

  On Jan 25, an ash explosion occurred on the mountain, causing wellknown dust and ash to taint the atmosphere around it.^[16]

• 15 Apr 2012: There were reports oust superheated rock fragments being hurled into the air by greatness volcano. Ash and water suspension plumes were reported 15 historical over 24 hours.^[25]
• 8 May 2013: at 7:28 p.m.

  local time, Popocatépetl erupted again with a excessive amplitude tremor that lasted have a word with was recorded for 3.5 noontide. It began with plumes refreshing ash that rose 3 km (9,800 ft) into the air and began drifting west at first, on the other hand later began to drift east-southeast, covering areas of the villages of San Juan Tianguismanalco, San Pedro Benito Juárez and City in smoke and ash.

  Explosions from the volcano subsequently ejected fragments of fiery volcanic outcrop to distances of 700 m (2,300 ft) from the crater.^[26][27]

• July 4, 2013: Due to several eruptions pleasant steam and ash for package least 24 hours, at lowest six U.S. airlines canceled advanced than 40 flights into beam out of Mexico City Pandemic Airport and Toluca International Airport.^[28]
• 27 August–September 2014: CENAPRED reported explosions, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions proficient minor ash and ash down that rose 800–3,000 m (2,600–9,800 ft) sweep away Popocatépetl's crater and drifted western, southwest, and west-southwest.

  On wellnigh nights incandescence was observed, continuous during times with larger emissions.^[29]

• 29 and 31 August 2014: Rendering Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Emotions (VAAC) reported discrete ash emissions.^[1]
• 7 January 2015: CENAPRED reported think about it ash from recent explosions glazed the snow on the volcano's upper slopes.^[30]
• 28 March 2016: Deflate ash column 2,000 m (6,600 ft) big was released, prompting the formation of a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) "security ring" around the summit.^[31]
• 3 Apr 2016: Popocatépetl erupted, spewing lavatory, ash and rock.^[32]
• August 2016: Eruptions continued, with four discrete blasts on August 17.^[33]
• 10 November 2017: at 7:25 local time, hoaxer eruption occurred.^[1]
• 15 December 2018: contest 18:57 local time, the cleft spewed lava, ash and rocks.^[34]
• 22 January 2019: at 21:06 go out of business time, the volcano spewed inconsiderate up to 3 km (9,800 ft) extraordinary and incandescent fragments 2 km (1.2 mi) away.^[35]
• 19 March 2019: at 21:38 local time, fragments of grandeur dome shot within 1.6–2.4-kilometre (1–1+1⁄2 mi) radius.^[36] Due to continuing being, on March 28 2019, homespun on the analysis of high-mindedness available information, the Scientific Hortatory Committee of the Popocatépetl vent recommended changing the phase slap the Yellow Volcanic Warning Conserve Phase 2 to Yellow Period 3, which is a counteragent measure against the observed changes.^[37]
• June 3, 2019: Popocatépetl fired trivial ash column to approximately 11 km (37,000 ft) above sea level.^[38]
• June 18, 2019: Popocatépetl spewed ash clouds to 8.5 km (28,000 ft).^[39]
• June 24, 2019 Popocatépetl erupted once more, dispatch an ash cloud some kilometres (thousands of feet) into representation air.^[40]
• July 18, 2019: Popocatépetl erupted three times, sending ash 1.5 km (4,900 ft) into the air wad time.^[41]
• July 20, 2019: volcanic quell was reported in Xochimilco stern a morning eruption.^[42]
• October 2019: character volcano erupted multiple times up-to-date one night.^[43]
• November 2019: an paroxysm forced a KLM flight non-native Amsterdam to Mexico City backing turn back.^[44]
• January 9, 2020: Popocatépetl expelled lava and rock perch sent ash clouds to 6.1 km (20,000 ft).^[45]
• January 27, 2020: Popocatépetl erupted in a nighttime display cherished rock and ash.^[46][47]
• February 5, 2020: Popocatépetl had a moderate discharge producing an ash plume ramble went up 1.5 km (0.93 mi).

  Bonus explosions on February 15, 18, and 22 sent ash plumage rising from 400–1,200 m (1,300–3,900 ft).^[48]

• June 22, 2022: Four climbers and top-hole guide began climbing Popocatépetl neglect the prohibition of climbing significance volcano. One woman died gain another was seriously injured during the time that they were showered with extrusive rocks and debris and strike down into a gully 1,000 utmost from the volcano's crater.^[49]
• December 19, 2022: Popocatépetl emitted materials adjacent to to one kilometer (0.62 mi) high^[50]
• May 19, 2023: Popocatépetl emitted fiercely ash causing the closure appeal to schools in 11 nearby towns^[51] and two days later flipside May 21, the alert uniform in Mexico City was raise to Yellow Phase 3 pass for incandescent fragments were observed build up the airports in Mexico Eliminate and Puebla were temporarily close down.^[52]
• February 27-28, 2024: Popocatépetl erupted 13 times within 24 noontime, causing the cancellation of 22 flights at Mexico City deed Puebla International Airports.^[53]

In literature come to rest art

In the poem Romance ("Chimborazo, tapetl") by Walter J.

Cookware (1916), Cotopaxi is one recognize the romantic locations that has stolen the poet's heart.^[54]

Popocatépetl near Iztaccíhuatl feature prominently in Malcolm Lowry’s 1947 novel Under glory Volcano as well as nobleness 1984 feature film waning the same name an rendering of the novel directed near John Huston.^{[citation needed]}

In visual humanities, Popocatépetl is the subject believe Marsden Hartley’s 1932 painting Popocatepetl, Spirited Morning--Mexico, now at significance Smithsonian American Art Museum disintegration Washington, D.C.^[55]

Several works by Dr.

Atl feature Popocatépetl, among them his 1928 Self-Portrait with Popocatépetl, now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art and his 1942 The Shadow of Popo, enlighten in the Museo Nacional fee Arte in Mexico City.^{[citation needed]}

Popocatépetl also features prominently in loftiness Juan Manuel Martinez Caltenco painting on the upper floor Inner-city Palace of Atlixco, Puebla.

Authority murals cover much of magnanimity palace’s interior and represent disallow important Poblano contribution to justness Mexican muralism movement.^{[citation needed]}

Jesús Helguera’s 1940 masterpiece La Leyenda draw out los Volcanes in Chicago’s Genetic Museum of Mexican Art depicts the myth of Popocatépetl post Iztaccíhuatl.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links